This course is designed for graduate students working on their thesis. It gives them the opportunity to enhance their writing abilities and develop their critical Thinking. It attempts to help students achieve greater competency in reading, writing, reflection, and discussion emphasizing the responsibilities of written inquiry and structured reasoning. Students are expected to investigate questions that are at issue for themselves and their audience and for which they don’t already have answers. In other words, this course should help students write about what they have learned through their research rather than simply write an argument supporting one side of an issue or another.

The course reminds the normal function of the immune system, recognizing and eradicating pathogens and other foreign molecules, and reports on abnormalities leading to aberrant immune responses and specific immunity. The theoretical aspect is supported by case studies and recent findings discussed through the analysis of scientific articles published recently.

Ecotoxicology is a relatively new science, whose main objective is to analyze the mechanism responsible for the dysfunction of ecological systems. This course covers the fundamentals of ecotoxicology (toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic regulation) to introduce the students to a risk assessment approach. The different ecotoxicological fundamental principles are illustrated by numerous examples of common contaminants such as heavy metals, PAHs, organochlorine pesticides, etc. and emerging pollutants such as endocrine disruptors and nanoparticles. This course educates and informs students about the health risks associated with exposure to substances in industrial environments, in food and in the general environment. The knowledge gained will make them alert to and ready to declare any disruption to their health industry leaders and hygienists.

The objective of the course is to introduce students to scientific research. Topics to be covered are: interest and research objectives; methodologies used in scientific research; how to define a problem; data collection; documentary research; analysis of the collected knowledge; structure of a Master thesis; writing a report; writing the bibliography; making a scientific poster; and how to approach giving an oral presentation.

The purpose of this course is to strengthen the knowledge of students in the field of applied statistics by minimizing the mathematical approach and developing practical and methodological aspects. It presents the main techniques of most known statistical tests (descriptive and inferential statistics, explanatory methods, and data analysis). The course provides an overview and practical main methods available in software, with an aid to the interpretation of the results and through fully processed examples using the statistical software SPSS. Most of the themes will be covered by this course including the analysis of Variance (ANOVA test), comparisons of samples (t­test and Chi-square), single and multiple regression.

This course is dedicated to quality and control. It looks at how to implement quality control practices and which criteria are involved in quality control. To understand all dimensions of quality control, the fields of drugs, food and the environment are discussed. The focus on these areas is explained by the improvement requirements for continuous quality.

Topics selected from recent literature on Life & earth sciences are studied in depth. A combination of Workshops, announced seminars and announced conferences will be given covering assigned material. Literature club: Students will be responsible to submit several one­page summaries of articles from the current scientific literature. Summaries will be graded on relevance, critical analysis and presentation. Submissions will be made available via eLearning and may become part of the material covered by quiz/exam questions.

Topics selected from recent literature on life and earth sciences are studied in depth. A combination of Workshops, announced seminars and announced conferences will be given covering assigned material. Literature club: Students will be responsible to submit several one­page summaries of articles from the current scientific literature. Summaries will be graded on relevance, critical analysis and presentation. Submissions will be made available via eLearning and may become part of the material covered by quiz/exam questions.

Topic of Masters thesis studied in depth, which covers the selected concentration of its Master of Life and Earth Sciences. A combination of Workshops, announced seminars and announced conferences will be given covering assigned material. Summaries will be graded on relevance, critical analysis and presentation. Submissions will be made available via eLearning and may become part of the material covered by quiz/exam questions.

This course covers the basic principles of biotechnology. It comprises in a first part a reminder about the analysis of the genome of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, methods of recombinant DNA, and in vitro cultures. In the second part, it studies in detail the animal and plant transgenesis and their various applications. Industrial methods of preparation of biomolecules (amino acids, organic, antibiotic .... Etc.) and the use of microorganisms in the environment sector (Green biotechnology) will also be treated. Exercises and item analysis supplement this course to a better understanding and an opening on current research and scientific progress based on biotechnology.

The aim of this course is to familiarize students with global approaches in genomics, their advantages and limitations. Several methods will be introduced (genome sequencing, comparative genomics, functional genomics, etc.), and practical examples will be given for each situation.

This course examines the methods of genetic engineering and screening of genomic and cDNA banks. Will be treated also, the methods of global analysis of the genome and its expression, site­directed mutagenesis, gene expression in heterologous hosts and gene therapy. Legal and ethical issues related to genetic engineering will be mentioned without being developed. Exercises will be performed and aim to simulate genetic engineering problems encountered in research and development. Practical applications will illustrate major achievements of genetic engineering chosen in different fields of application. Therefore, students will perform critical analysis of recent scientific articles.

Whole genome sequencing of many organisms, including humans, created new fields of research. After the study of genomes came the study of proteomes (entire sets of proteins expressed by a genome), mainly known as structural and functional proteomics. This course aims to introduce concepts and methods in proteomics (structure analysis, organization, purification and detection techniques, as well as study of protein interactions), and to draw the scientific approach leading from a genetic structure to the structural and functional properties of a protein.

This course will allow masters student in physiology to understand the physiologic mechanisms of the endocrine regulation of the organs functions. It covers the regulation, liberation and action (effect) of the different hormones. At the end of each chapter the pathologies due to a lack or excess of the hormones studied will be discussed. At the end of the course the student should be able to know most of the hormones produced in human organism and should be able to understand and analyze the different endocrines pathologies and suggest, when possible, treatment methods.

At the completion of this course, students will have knowledge of environmental hazards with known and possible risks and they will have a better understanding of how these hazards are formed, their fate and distribution in the environment, and how to assess their potential effects in humans. This course will not be a comprehensive survey of all areas of study within environmental physiology, but instead will cover a few major topics in detail like endocrine, developmental and reproductive physiology.

This course will allow the students in Masters degree to deepen their theoretical bases and experimental approach in muscular physiology and physiopathology. In this course the anatomy, the histology, the functioning and regulation of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles will be covered. This course will introduce the students to the scientific reasoning and to the research by describing and analyzing scientific articles.

The primary goal of this course is to instil an understanding of how the reproductive system of the human body works to create and sustain life. The course starts with an introduction to basic endocrinology, anatomy and physiology of the human reproductive system and treats the processes and regulations of fertilization, pregnancy, birth and human development. Birth control, infertility and sexually transmitted diseases are also discussed.

Student must complete a 6 crédits research project applied to his major. They are expected to realize a research work in the laboratory, submit a written report and do an oral presentation.